Everything about The State Of Deseret totally explained
The
State of Deseret (𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 or 𐐔𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐻 in the
Deseret Alphabet) was a provisional
state of the
United States, proposed in
1849 by
Mormon settlers in
Salt Lake City.
The provisional state existed for slightly over two years and was never recognized by the United States government. The name derives from the word for "
honeybee" in the
Book of Mormon (see
Deseret).
History
Formation of the proposal
When members of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the
Mormon pioneers) settled in the
Salt Lake Valley near the
Great Salt Lake, they wished to set up a government that would be recognized by the
United States.
Initially
Brigham Young, President of the LDS Church, had intended to apply for status as a territory, and had sent
John Milton Bernhisel eastward to
Washington, D.C. with the petition for territorial status. Realizing that
California and
New Mexico were applying for admission as states, Young changed his mind and decided to petition for statehood.
In March 1849, realizing that they didn't have time to follow the usual steps towards statehood, Young and a group of church elders quickly drafted a state constitution based on that of
Iowa, where the Mormons had temporarily settled, and sent the legislative records and constitution back to that state for printing, since no printing press existed in the
Great Basin at the time. They then sent a second messenger with a copy of the state's formal records and constitution to meet up with Bernhisel in Washington, D.C. and petition for statehood rather than territorial status.
Territory of Deseret
The provisional state was a bold proposal, encompassing most of the territory that had been acquired from
Mexico the previous year as the
Mexican Cession.
It comprised roughly all the lands between the
Sierra Nevada and the
Rockies, and between the border with Mexico northward to include parts of the
Oregon Territory, as well as the coast of California south of the
Santa Monica Mountains (including the existing settlements of
Los Angeles and
San Diego). It included the entire watershed of the
Colorado River (excluding the lands south of the border with Mexico), as well as the entire area of the
Great Basin.
The proposal encompassed nearly all of present-day
Utah and
Nevada, large portions of
California and
Arizona, and parts of
Colorado,
New Mexico,
Wyoming,
Idaho, and
Oregon.
The proposal was crafted specifically to avoid disputes that might arise from existing settlements. At the time of its proposal, the existing population of the area, including Southern California, was sparse, since most of the California settlement had been in the northern
gold rush areas not included in the provisional state. Likewise, the border with
New Mexico didn't reach the
Rio Grande, in order to avoid becoming entangled in the existing disputes of the western border of
Texas.
Moreover, the proposal encompassed lands largely known to be inhospitable for cultivation, thus avoiding conflict over the issue of the expansion of
slavery.
The proposal for the state was largely considered too ambitious to succeed in
Congress, even disregarding the controversy over Mormon practices such as
polygamy. Nevertheless, in 1849 President
Zachary Taylor, eager to avoid disputes as much as possible, sent his agent
John Wilson westward with a proposal to combine California and Deseret as a single state, which would have the desirable effect of decreasing the number of
free states entered into the Union, and thus preserving the balance of power in the
Senate.
Government
In the absence of other authority, the provisional government of Deseret became the
de facto government of the Great Basin. Three sessions of the General Assembly, a
bicameral state legislature, were held. In
1850, the legislature appointed judges and established a criminal code. Taxes were established on property and liquor, and gambling was outlawed.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was incorporated, and a militia, based on the
Nauvoo Legion, was formed.
The legislature initially formed six counties, which covered only inhabited valleys. These "valley counties" initially encompassed only a small portion of the area of Deseret and were expanded as settlement grew.
Flag of the State of Deseret
According to most descriptions, the Deseret flag was similar to the
flag of the State of Utah, but as it wasn't standardized, multiple other secular and religious alternatives were also used.
Establishment of Utah Territory
In September
1850, as part of the
Compromise of 1850, the
Utah Territory was created by Act of
Congress, encompassing a portion of the northern section of Deseret.
February 3,
1851, Brigham Young was inaugurated as the first governor of the Utah Territory. On
April 4,
1851 the General Assembly of Deseret passed a resolution to dissolve the state. On
October 4, the Utah territorial legislature voted to re-enact the laws and ordinances of the State of Deseret.
After the establishment of the Utah Territory, the Latter-day Saints didn't relinquish the idea of a "State of Deseret". From 1862 to 1870, a group of Mormon elders under Young's leadership met as a
shadow government after each session of the territorial legislature to ratify the new laws under the name of the "State of Deseret." Attempts were made in 1856, 1862, and 1872 to write a new state constitution under that name based on the new boundaries of the Utah Territory.
The idea of creating a state based on Mormonism began to dissolve after the coming of the railroad, which opened the territory to many non-Mormon settlers, particularly in the western areas of the territory. The driving of the
golden spike completed the
first transcontinental railroad at
Promontory Summit in
1869. Officials from the Utah Territory and leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon), were not involved in the festivities of the day, as neither organization had been involved in funding the railroad effort.
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